????20ä¸?çº?0年代??0年代ä¸???ï¼?å¤????¶ç????究å?´è¶£ä¸»è??¨ä¸­?½å?²å?ä¸?ï¼?ä»?主è???究ä?西å?¨ç??社ä??§è´¨???¥ç????½æ?¶ä»£??奴é?¶å?¶ä»¥???¨å????天å?½æ???³ç???ä»?è¿?对è??å­??????³è?è¡?äº?ä¸??¨ç??究ï?并ä?1979å¹´å?ºç??äº?ä»???ç¬??????ä½???????论è??å­????²å????³ã????è°??¥ä¸­?½ç?å­þB?¢å?²å???究æ????ï¼?å¤????¶æ???³ç»§ç»??äº?ä¸??½å?²å??²ç??究ï?ä½???ä½?é¢?导æ?¹æ??·¥ä½???è¦?ï¼?å°??¶å????°è¾©è¯????©ä¸»ä¹???究å?ï¼?????è¢???究å?é¢?导å???¨è?è¯?论ç??究ç???1978å¹´å?²å???究æ?????¶é??¹ç??究ç??ï¼?ä»?å°±è?è´£æ??导è?è¯?论æ?¹å????究ç????ä»?æ­¤å????¶å°±????究æ?¹å??å®??¨è?è¯?论é???ï¼?å¼?å§?äº?认è?论ç??究ç??å­þ=????æ¶???1985å¹´å????¶è??¥ä¸­?½äººæ°?大å??²å?系任??ï¼?继续ä»?äº?认è?论ç??究ã??

????å¤????¶æ?????©æ???¥è?è¯?论ç??究ç??å­þA??ä¹?ä¸???ä»??¨è?ä¸???究é???æ·±è??????è½½ï??¨å??¶ä?äº?è¿?ä¸?é¢?????究ç??å­þ?ººä¸????å¾???å­þ=????????为丰ç¡????½ç?¶ä?å°?å­þA???¨æ??ä¸?????äº?认è?论é???ä¸????ºä?é¢??·è??°ç??è§??¹ï?ä½???论å?¨æ???????°é????è´¨é??ä¸?ï¼?è¿????¨æ??????ç³»ç??§ã??å¼????§å??å½±å????ä¸?ï¼?å¤????¶å??å¾?????å°±é?½æ????大ç????å¤????¶å?²è?ç»???ï¼??¢æ??对è?è¯?论å?????????°æ?§ç??究ï?????对è?è¯?论æ???³å?²ç??ç³»ç?梳ç??ï¼?ä¸?ä»?涵ç??äº??°æ?¶æ?????½è?è¯?论ç??究è?论ç????ä¹???????è¦????ï¼???ä¸?对è?å¤????????究é?½æ??????§ã??å¼?é¢??§ç??????äº?¤§å­þ=?¨å??????????ºï???ä»?认è?论ç??究ç???´ä????µæ?¥ç??ï¼?å¤????¶æ????å¾?????å°±æ??为ç??ºâ?þ9?þ?»£è¡¨ä??°æ?¶æ??认è?论ç??究ç??å­þ=??°´å¹³ã??????»¥è¯´ï?å¤????¶ä¸º?°æ?¶æ?????½è?è¯?论ç???´èµ·??ç¹??£ä??ºä???大贡??????°æ?¶æ?????½é©¬????主ä?认è?论ç??究ç??主è?å¼???????å¥??ºè????

????ä¸????认è?论å????ä½?å¼????§æ?¢ç©¶ï¼?建æ??ç³»ç???认è?论æ???³ä?ç³»ã??ä»???究ç???????´å??å®?è·µç??论å?å§?ï¼?以ç?å­þ>??å®?è·µè?为å?ºç?³ï?å¤????¶å?认è?????´¨??认è???ç³»ç?ç»?????认è???主â??å®???¸å?³å???认è?????????认è???è¿?ç¨?????ç»´æ´»?¨ã??????ä¸?ä»·å?¼ç?认è?论å?ºæ?????????è¿?è¡?äº??¨é?¢æ·±?¥ç????究ã??

????1986å¹´ï?å¤????¶å?¨å??????究æ?????ºç?ä¸?å®?????认è?论å?论ã??ä¸?ä¹þ

????以主å®???³ç³»ä¸ºé??¶ç??认è?ç³»ç?ç»?????????¶è?è¯?论ç??究ç???¸å????ï¼?è´?©¿ä»???认è?论ç??究æ?´ä¸ª??ç¨???20ä¸?çº?0年代???ä»???????表ä???论è?è¯?ç³»ç?????论主ä½???认ç?¥å??¿ã????è¯?论è?è¯?ç³»ç?ä¸???主â??å®???¸å?³å?????论è?è¯???主ä??§ç??å®???§å?ºç?????人å?¨å?象æ?§æ´»?¨ä¸­??主ä??°ä???主ä??§ã??ç­?论æ??ï¼?并ä?1996å¹´æ??ç»?å®???并å?ºç??ä¸?????认è???主â??å®???¸å?³å????????å¤????¶å?å®?è·µç??ä¸????????论å??¥è?è¯?论ï?以主ä½???å®????ä¸??为å?ºæ???ç´?ç»?????ç³»ç?ä½?为è?è¯????ºæ?????ï¼?æ·±å?¥å????äº?主ä???å®????ä¸??ä¸?ä¸??ç³»ç???????涵ä?????容å????è¦??§ï?并ä?辩è?æ³???è§?åºþ@????äº?ä¸?ä¸??ç³»ç?ä¹??´ç???¸å?³è???§å?????¨è??ç³»ï???认è???述为ä¸?ä¸??¨æ????ä¸?????å±???è¿?ç¨???认è?论系ç»????´ä¸ªè®¤è?论å??????究ç???¸å?ï¼?ä¹??????讨è???å¤???ä¸?ä¸??????å¤????¶å?¨è?ä¸?论å????墨æ??å¤?ï¼???è¿°æ??为é??å½»ï?????ä¹????·ä»£è¡¨æ?§ã??

????å¤????¶è?为ï?认è?论ä???????究已ç»?å½¢æ?????°æ????认è?ï¼?è¿?è¦???究è?è¯???????ï¼??¢ç´¢????¤ºäººç±»è®¤è?ç³»ç?èµ·æ??????????????¡ä»¶???ºç????ºå?¶å??è¿?ç¨???1982å¹´ï?ä»????ºå¹¶ä¸»æ????究è?è¯???????课é?ï¼?äº?1991å¹´å?ºç????认è?????论ã??ä¸?ä¹þ:??å¤????¶ç????¨â??人ä?解å??对ä??´ä?解å????????¥å??????认è??¹æ?ï¼???对é?级è?è¯?å½¢æ??????????ç´????¶ç???è¿?è¡???究ï??¨æ??ºç?ä¸?å¾????¢ç´¢å®?ä»??¨ä?级ç????å§?认è?å½¢æ?????³å??认è?å½¢æ??ä¸???表é?²ç??å¾????????½ï??±å??°æ??认è?å½¢æ????????å¾???追溯?¶å??å§?èµ·æ?????????建æ??è¿?ç¨???认è??????????è¯?论ç??究中ä¸?ä¸???è¦?课é?ï¼?æ­¤è???????½ç?ä¸??¨ä??¨ç??究è?è¯??????????ä¸???ï¼??¨å?代中?½é©¬????主ä?认è?论ç??究中?·æ??å¾?é«?????论价?¼ã??

??????ç»´æ???å¤?å­þ>???究ç??对象ï¼?ä¹???©¬????主ä?认è?论ç??究å?³æ³¨è¾?å¤???ä¸?ä¸??????1992å¹´ï?å¤????¶ä???æ·??¥ã???????ä½?主ç??ºç??äº?????ç»´ä???导è??????³ä???ç»´ç??认è?论è??å¯???ï¼?ä»?认è?论ç??è§?åºþ=????维纳?¥è?è¯?è¿?ç¨???以è??å¯?ï¼?æ·±å?¥å????äº???ç»´ç??????????ç»´ç??ç»????????½ã????ç»´ç????´¨????ç»´ç??æ´»å?¨å???¹æ?????ç»´ä?????人工?ºè?½ã????ç»´ä???????å±?ç­??????该æ??????å­þ=??»·?¼å?¨å??¶æ??????§ç??ï¼?2004å¹´è?·å??äº???²å?社ä?ç§?å­þ??ç§?????ä¸?ç­?å¥?ï¼?2005å¹´è?·å?½å???å§?人æ??社ä?ç§?å­þ>??究ä?ç§?????ä¸?ç­?å¥???

????æ­¤å?ï¼?å¤????¶è?è¾??©æ???ºå¹¶??究ä?人ç??认è???????ç¾??¸ç?ä¸????????ä»????ºï?è¿??»æ??ä»??ä»?ä»?æ±?????è§?åºþ=?¥ç??解人??认è?ï¼?ä½?人æ?????§ä¸»ä½??§å????认è?ä¸???ï¼?认è??¢è?å®??°å?å¤??¨ä???????´¨?????¡ï???è¦?ä½??°äºº??ä»·å?¼é??è¦?ï¼?è¿?è¦????§ç???è§?å¾??¥è?è¡?????æ­¤ï?åº?å½?ä»?????ç¾??¸ç?ä¸???è§?è§???解è?è¯?????´¨ï¼???¤ºè®¤è?è¿?ç¨?ä¸?????ç¾?ç»?ä¸????·ä?å½¢å??????¨æ?ºå?¶ï???究è?è¯???容中????ç¾?ä¸?主ä?认è?å®??¿ä¸­?¥æ????ä¹??´ç?????¨è??ç³»ã??ä»?ä»?人æ???¡ä?????æ´»å?¨æ?¹å?????????è¶???ï¼?论è?äº?人ç??è§?念ç????å®?è·µç?????¡ä?????æ´»å?¨æ?¹å?ï¼????¶æ??表ç?°å?ºæ?¥ç??追æ???????????ç¾???对象?????½å???¹å?ï¼?ä»?????å­þ>??è§?è§???å¯?äº?????ç¾??¸ç?ä¸??????????©å?????ï¼?è¿???å¯?äº?????ç¾?????å§?表ç?°ã??

????äº????认è?论å?²ä?ç³»ç??§æ¢³??ï¼?为è?è¯?论ç??究æ??ä¾???å®?????论è?æº????¨è?è¡?认è?论å??????究ç?????¶ï?å¤????¶è???常é??è§?对中å¤?认è?论æ???³å?²ç??梳ç????ä»?ä¸?å´?建å????çº???æ°???è¯?äº??±å?½è?????²å?å®?.W.æµ·å?ä¼þ=?°è??????西æ?¹è?è¯?论ç??²ã??ï¼?è¾??©å?°ä?ç»?äº?西æ?¹è?è¯?论ç??究æ??????

?????´ä¸º??è¦??????ä»?é»?é»???????ä½?è½½ï?以人ä¸?ä¸??????³ç³»ä¸ºçº¿ç´¢å????ä¸??½ä?ç»??²å?ï¼?以马????主ä?认è?论æ???³ä¸º???§ï?对中?½å???²ä?50å¤?ä½????³å???认è?论æ???³è?è¡?äº??»ç???梳ç??ï¼?å®???äº???ä¸??½è?è¯?论æ???³å?²ç¨¿??ï¼?ä¸???ä¸??·ï?ï¼?æ­¤è??1998å¹´è?·æ???²é?¨ç?ä¸?å±?人æ??社ä?ç§?å­þ>??究æ????äº?ç­?å¥???å¤????¶è?为ï?ä¸??½ä?ç»????³ä¸­??天人?³ç³»??主å??³ç³»??å½¢ç??³ç³»????å®??³ç³»??è¨????³ç³»??å­þ=???³ç³»???¥è??³ç³»ç­?ï¼??½ç?¶ä??½æ???´æ?¥è?è¿°è?è¯?论é???ï¼?ä½?å·²ç???????°ä»£è®¤è?论ç??究å?·æ????????ä¹???å¾??????????????½ï?å·²ç?æ¶???认è?????´¨???¡ä»¶???¥æ?ï¼?认è???è¿?ç¨????¹æ???????ï¼?认è?????容å??å½¢å?ï¼?认è???æ£?éª???è¯?ä»·ç?认è?论é?????å¤????¶å??¶æ?????ºæ?¥ï?ä¸?ä»??©ä???ä»???解å?????¡ä¸­?½ä?ç»?认è?论æ???³ï?è¿?为æ??ä»?»º???°ç??认è?论å??????ä¾?äº?丰å?????论è?æº???

????å½??¶ï?å­þ=????å¾?å¤?å­þA??认为ä¸??½ä?ç»????³ä¸­æ²¡æ??认è?论æ???³ï?å¤????¶ä»¥è¿??¨å¤§?¨å¤´è®ºè??äº?以æ?æ¸?ï¼?å¡?¡¥äº?ä¸??½è?è¯?论å?²ç??究ç??ä¸?大空?½ã??å¤????¶è?±è´¹10å¤?å¹´ç???????è¿??¨ç????å·¨è??ï¼?ä¸?ä»?ä½??°ä?ä»??§ç????æ²»å???åºþ@??顽强??æ¯???ï¼???ä¸?è¿?ä½??°å?ºå?¶æ·±????ä¸??½å?²å???åº????????²å?家ç?³å³»è¯?ä»·è?ï¼???å½???ä¸??½å???????究马????主ä??²å???????å­þA??ä¸??¨å??°ï???ä¸???å¾?äº?å¾?大ç????绩ï?ä½??ºä???è¦???è´¡ç???ä½????¼æ?»ä¸­?½å?²å??²è????æ·±æ????诣è??ï¼????½å¹¶ä¸?å¤??ï¼???ä¸??½äººæ°?大å??²å?ç³»å????¶æ?????°æ?????å°??°ç??ä¸?家ä?ä¸?????

????ä¸???????½æ?°æ?¶æ??认è?论ç??究ç??çª??ºè´¡????é©????????©æ?¼æ???é©?????主ä?ç»??¸ä?家没??建æ??ä¸??¨ç??认è?论ç??论ï?ä»?ä»?????¸º??ä»???ä¾?äº??³ä?认è?论ç???ºæ????¹ã???ºæ?????????ºæ???¹æ????¹é?©å??¾å??ï¼?????????ç§?ä¹þ@½±??ï¼????½ä?ç»???认è?论ç??究ç?±ä????½æ?ç¡???解å?è·µè???´ç????涵å????è§??¶å?¨é©¬????主ä??²å?ä¸????°ä?ï¼???ä»??©è´¨??客è??§å?ºå??解é??人ç??认è?ï¼?å°?å®?è·µä?为è?è¯???ä¸?ä¸???¨ç?????¥ç??解ï?没æ??å°?å®?è·µä?为ç??解人??认è????ºç????ºå???¹ï????½å»º??ç§?å­þ>??认è?论ç??论ä?ç³»ã??å¤????¶å?ç§?å­þ>??å®?è·µè?纳å?¥è?è¯?论ï?æ·±å?¥å????认è?????´¨???¸å?³å????ï¼?ä¸?ä»??¢å?äº?é©???????ç«????³ä?认è?论ç??æ¦????§å????ï¼???ä¸?ç«?足å?代社ä¼?å®?è·µï?对马????主ä?认è?论è?è¡?????????????ï¼?建æ??äº?ç³»ç???认è?论æ???³ä?ç³»ï?å¡?¡¥äº??¿æ??以æ?¥æ???½é©¬????主ä?认è?论ç??究中??å¾?å¤???论空?½ï?为中?½å?代马????主ä?认è?论ç??究ä??ºä???大贡????

????20ä¸?çº??´ä¸ª80年代ï¼?认è?论ä??´æ??¸­?½é©¬????主ä??²å??????³æ?´ä¸ª?²å??????þ>????究å?象ï?????¶æ???½å?²å???究æ?????è®?????究ç???¹ã??ä¸??½è?è¯?论ç??究ç???´èµ·??ç¹??£æ??æ·±å?»ç??社ä????²å????ï¼?å®??¹æ?äº????½ç¤¾ä¼?主ä??°ä»£??建è?å®?è·µç????è¦????¹é?©å??¾å??ï¼????½ç¤¾ä¼?主ä?建è?å®?è·µæ?¾é????????ï¼?è¿?½¿??ä»??认è?ä¸??¥æ?¾å????ï¼?继è??解æ?¾è??·±?????³ï????°è?è¯?社ä?主ä?建è?ä¸???ä¸?äº???大ç??论ä??°å????ï¼???è¿?ä¸???大ç?????³å???©å?????²è½¬??å¿??¶é??è¦?ç§?å­þ>??认è?论ç??论è?è¡???导ã????»¥è¯´ï?20ä¸?çº??????年代???½è?è¯?论ç??究ç??½®ï¼?为æ?¨å?¨å?¨å?½è???´ç?????³è§£?¾å???¥ä???????è¦???ä½??¨ã????æ­¤ï?ä»????½æ?¹é?©å??¾ç??ä¼?大å???²è?ç¨???ï¼?ä½?为è?ä¸???究ç??½®??代表?§äºº?©ï?å¤????¶è?è¯?论ç??究æ????????论贡????å®?è·µæ??ä¹?ä¹??·æ???¶ä»£?¹å???

????4.????ä¸???åº?ï¼?丰å?é©?????主ä??²å?人å?????/STRONG>