????????é¢?ï¼????½ç»´ä¸?????????å¢?????????

??????å¢???说â??è·?ç¨???é»??µå???æ¢????ç­?人æ???ºç????è¯????©å?½â???³å?????¾ä?????é»???æ¢?ç­?人ç?????¼ç?¹è????æ­?å¦?ä½??¨å?¨ç¤¾ä¼??©æ?°ï??????½ç»´ä¸??½å???äº?绵延?¨ä¸­?½æ??å­þ?¸­??????ä¼?ç»?ï¼????????????°æ?æ´»å?¶å?¨å?ä¸???ç²¾ç???ä¹?ï¼?以å???????????西æ?¹ç?å­þ@??ä¼?ç»?è¯?论ã??

??????å¢???ï¼???å¢?ï¼?说â?????¥è???ä½????½ç»´å¯¹ä¸­?½è??°ä»£è¯?å­þ=?念å????论ç??ä¸?ä¸???è¦?è´¡ç????äº?å®?ä¸?ï¼?è¿?ä¸?ä»??????½ç»´å¯¹å??代è?æ­??ºæ????ä¸?ç§?æ¦????è¯?ï¼?ä¹????è¯?ä¼°æ?´ä¸ªä¸??½è??²ç??ç¾?å­þ=???????³ä?å¢???ï¼?ä»?????è¦?????段è?æ³??????è¯?以å???为æ??ä¸?????å¢?????????é«??¼ï????????¥ã??????????å¢?ï¼?????å¢?ï¼?æ­¤ç???³ä??°å?äº?æ´¾ä????±å?????¶ä???é¢??¾å????????大è?人æ????ä¹?å¢?å¿???ä¹????¶ï?????ä¹?å¢?äºþ@??»ä????³æ??ä¹?????ï¼???人é?´è?è¯????¡ä?ï¼????½å???????©ç????????ï¼?è°?ä¹???å¢???ï¼??þ@??è°?ä¹???å¢???????ï¼??¡å?????è¨?æ°?è´??è¨?ç¥??µï?ä¸?å¦?è¨?å¢???????å¢???ï¼????ï¼?æ°?è´¨ã??ç¥??µï????ï¼???å¢?????äº?????ä¹??£ã????ï¼??¡ä????ä½????????½ç»´è¯?论å???¶ç?????综å????å¯??????¶å???¹ã????人é?´è?è¯???ä¸??¹è?ä¹???论ä?å®?è·µã??ç­???究ï?对â??å¢???说â??????è¯þ>?讨è???å¦???è´¤æ??论ï???å¢??????¨ä¸­?½ä?ç»?è¯?å­þ?¸­å¸¸è?????ï¼???æ¸?两代?´ä?ä¹????¥ï?ä½???ä»???½å¿½è§????½ç»´??·±è¯´è?ï¼???沧浪??è°??´è¶£ï¼???º­??è°?ç¥??µï??¹ä?è¿????¶é?¢ç???ä¸??¥é??人æ???ºæ??å¢?äº?å­?ï¼?为æ?¢å?¶æ???????ï¼??¡ä?ï¼????½ç»´è®¤ä¸ºï¼?????è¯??°ä»¥å¢???ä½?为è??????ï¼?å°±å????????¨ç??????¹æ?§å??å±??ºä?å¥?å®??´ç??è¯?论ä?ç³»ç??ï¼????äº?ä»???·±??对æ?ï¼?ç½??¢è?为ç???½ç»´????å¢???说â???¥æ?äº?以å?????????´è?说â??为代表ç??西æ?¹ç?å­þ??ç»?ï¼??????´è¶£è¯´â????ç¥??µè???æ¤??¹ä?ä¸??½å?¤ä»£??æ¯??´â??è¯?å­þ@????ï¼?äº???ä¹??´ä?å­??¨â??????ä¸??????????³ç³»ï¼????????????º«?°æ????è¿?代西?¹ä?å¹³ç??????³ç³»??ä¸?ç§????²å???§â????

????è¿?ä¸?辨æ??对ç??论è?è¯???产è???????????¸æ??????è¯?ï¼??????????§ç????ä½??????è§?å¾?è¿?????æ³????¢å?°é??å®?äº????½ç»´?????³è?æº?ï¼???忽è?äº????½ç»´????æ´»ä???对å?¶å?????å½±å??ï¼????¶å¿½è§?äº?ä»?对中?½æ????ä¼?ç»??????¨æ?¿æ?¥ã??æ­£å???建å???¨å???人é?´è?è¯???????究中?????ºç??ï¼????½ç»´ä¸»å?è¯?人ç?????½ä?éª?ä¸?人æ?¼ä¿®?»ã?????¶ä???????????????对å?????æ·±å?»è?å¯?????对ç??????ä½?ç­?ï¼???å½¢å?äº?ä¸??½äºº???°ä»£??å­þA?念â????ä»???康德???²å?认è?论å??裹è?äº???ä¸??½ä?ç»??¹è?è¯??ä¸?è¯????¹æ?ä¹?ä¸???ï¼?ä»????ºâ??å¢?????æ¦?念并ä¸?????以é????ï¼?æ­£æ????¾ä?西æ?¹å?²å?-??????论æ??¶ä¸­???±å?ºæ?¥ï??¨ä¸­?½æ????ä¼?ç»?ä¸??æ´»è?æº?????寻æ??°è??????ä¸?次å?è¯???

???????½ç»´??人è?认为??人é?´è?è¯???ä¸?????å¢???ä¸??????©ï??¹å??§£??ï¼???å¢?ï¼?????????©ä?ï¼???????ä¹?äºþ?ººå¿?ä¸??ä¸?å¢???????ï¼??¡å???ä»?强è?è¯?人ç???????¨æ??建å???ä¸????¹æ?ä½????对æ???©å??çº??è§???????并æ??å¢??????ï¼?å¢??????½é??主ä???????对象???¥å??°ï???ä½?主ä??ºæ???°å???°å?ºç???½æ??????ä»·å?¼è??????¨ä????¥ï?è¯?人è?使è??·±??????è¯?è¯????ä¸??????????è¯??????ï¼??¡ä?ä¸?ä¸?ï¼?å½?主è???????容è?è¶?äº?形象??绵å?è´¨æ??ï¼?è¯?æ­???å°±ä???????ä¹?å¢???????è¯?人æ?¾å?主è?è§?è§?ï¼?ä¸?å¤??©å??ä¸?ï¼???????????ä¹?å¢???????è°???????????ï¼??¶è??©äº¦????ï¼?????å­þ@?è¨???ï¼?ï¼???????å­þ????以æ????å¢???ï¼?以å?¶è?½è?ä¹???ï¼???人é?´è?ä¹?稿å???ï¼???

???????½ç»´å¼ºè??????????????????¨è??§ä¸­??ä½??¨ã??ä»??¨ã??å±?å­???å­þ??ç²¾ç???ä¸??¾è?ï¼???ï¼??¤ä»£ï¼?è¯?æ­?ä¹?é¢?????以æ??????·±ä¹?????为主ï¼??¶å?????©ä?ï¼?äºþ@?以è??·±æ·±é??ä¹?????为ä?ç´??°ï???å§?å¾?äº??¹å???å¢???ä¸???¨ç?¹å????¼è?ä¹?????ä»???å±?????è¯?ï¼???????称为????ç¾??????¸å???äº???å·§æ?§ç????ä¿??½â??ï¼?????ç¾???尤为??è¦?????è°?????ç¾???ï¼??³è?人å?äº?å®?å®?人ç????æ·±å???³æ??????????è¿????è¯?ä¸???????å¢????½å???人ç???¹æ??????ï¼?ä¹??????½ç»´??为ç????????å­þA??å¤?ä¸?????³æ???ºï????½ç»´ä¹???以å?¨â??å¢?????ä¹?å¤?ï¼?è¿????ºâ????å¢???è¿?ä¸??ï¼?ä¸?äº??°æ?¹ç?¨â????å¢????¥æ?¿ä»£??å¢?????ï¼???许æ????³é??è¿????????¥ç??ºâ????ç¾???????为â??å¢?????äº?å­?å°±å?¶è?æº???论ï?ä¼¼ä???人类精ç?é«?åºþ

????对æ?????????å¢?????ï¼????½ç»´ç»?äº?äº?å¾?å¤???è¿°å??æ¯?è¾????¨ã??人é?´è?ä¹?稿å???ä¸??ä»?以æ??å¢?????????æ·±æ??¥è?ä»·å?¤ä?ä¹?è¯?ï¼?

??????å­þ??å·¥ä?å·¥ï?äºþA??¶æ??å¢?ä¹?????ä¸??¶æ·±æµ???å·²ã??????此以è§??¤ä?人ä?è¯?ï¼????¶å?失ï??????è¨?????温é?þ??ç²¾ç?ï¼???以ä?å¦?正中??ï¼???å¢???æ·±æ?ä¹?????????以é?????ï¼?å°?å±±æ??以æ?§æ·®æµ·è??ï¼???å¢?å¼?ä¹???ç¾??????ºï?å§?以è??????¿ï??¶ç?ä¸?失为??å®?ä¹?è¯???ï¼?????å¢?ä¹?????å®?è¯?人ä?????å¢???ï¼????稼轩ï¼??¶äº¦?¥ä?欲以??å¢??????½ç?³ä?è¯?ï¼?æ°?ä½????¥è?³ï??³ä???å¢?ï¼????»å??å®?人è???????æ¢þ>????°å?ºï?并ä?æ±?诸æ?ä½?ï¼???????å­?ä¹????¡ï?äº????ä¹??????£ã??????è¿???ï¼???以ä??????³ä??½æ??ï¼???纳å?°ä???»¥å¤©è?ä¹???ï¼?å´?èµ·ä??¹å?´ä???ï¼??¶æ??为è?ï¼??²å??顽è?³ï?????å¾?äº???å¢?ä¹?æ·±ï????è±??°ä?å£??å¥?ä¹??¾ä?ä¹?ä¸????£ã?????¶æ?±é??ï¼??¢é???²æ??ï¼???ä¸?项è??ï¼?å°¤é?¾é?足ã???³ä¹¾??以é??ï¼?审ä?ä½??¼é?µå?ä¹??´è????å¾??????å¢?ä¹?æº??å­??¥ä?表è????æµ???å²?????æ³¥æ??å­???ä¸?æ±?诸æ??å¢?ä¹?失æ?ï¼?

????è¿??·ä????äº?è¯??²ç??è¡¡é?´ï??¾ç¤º?ºç???½ç»´???¹ç??趣å?³ã??ä»?认为äº?代å??å®?è¯?????ï¼??¨å?¨ä»¥??å¢???ï¼?????å®?以é????è¯???å¢?ä¸?å·²ç???æ³??¸æ????¶å?ï¼???å®?ä¹?è¯??¨å???©æ???¹ä????ä¸?å¦???å®?ï¼?ä½????½ç»´è®¤ä¸ºè¯?ä¸?¸»ä½???ç²¾ç?ä¸?????å¾?å±?ä¿??????ï¼?ä¸??£ä?è´¨æ?´é???¥ï?ä¹?就丧失å??å®?è¯???????é¦????²â??äº??????½ç»´????äº?äº?代å??å®?è¯?ï¼?è·?ä»??¨è??·±??è¯?è¯????¹è???ä½?ä¸???å¤??´æ??????è¯?人ä?忧ç??????è¯?人ä?忧ä???????????????¸å?³ç????ä»?æ¯??µé??ï¼????????»å???¹ï?è¹?è¹??¡æ??éª?????è¯?人ä?忧ç??ä¹??????¨å?西é???碧æ???????é«?楼ï???尽天æ¶?·¯??ä¼¼ä?????ç»??¥é©°è½þAµ°ï¼?ä¸?è§?????´¥????è¯?人ä?忧ä?ä¹?ï¼????¾è?????±å?é£?è·??é¦?è½þ>³»?¨è?家æ????ä¼¼ä?????ï¼??¡ä?äº?ï¼?

????ä¸?ä»????³ç??????å¢???ç»?对ç?ä¸?å¼?主ä???????ï¼???ä¸??¨ç???½ç»´???¥ï?è¯?人ç??????ä¸??½ä?ä»???äº???????èº??ä¹?????ï¼?????è¦??¨ä?å·±æ?²æ?ä¹?ä¸?ç©¿é?????ç§???????ï¼???ä¸?ç§?ä¼???ä¸??±ç???´æ·±å¹¿ç???????????°å?ºæ?¥ã????è¿?ä¹?æ­£æ??¸­?½â??æ¯??´â??è¯?å­þ??ç»???为强è°?????ä»?è¯?ä»·æ????ï¼???è¯??³æ????主è???¼ç??å§?大ï????¨é??æ·±ï?????伶工ä¹?è¯???为士大夫ä¹?è¯?????ï¼??¡ä?äº?ï¼??¥ä??¥å??说æ?????½â??ä¸?失å?¶èµ¤å­?ä¹?å¿?????è¿?äº?è¯?ä»·é?½æ???主ä???ç²¾ç???????æ°?è´¨ç??è§?åºþ@?ºå???????¥æ????没æ??ç»?è¿?ä»??½å??æ²þ?¸º?¶ä?????人ç??è·?å®?ï¼?大æ?ä¹?ä¸?ä¼?æ´???????ï¼??????¨é??æ·±â????äº???????½ç»´ä»¥æ??è¯?为â??天ç??ä¹?è¯?????è°???è¯???以è?ä¹þA??ä¹?????å°?ä¹?ä¸?å®?å¾½å?????山亭??è¯?ä½?æ¯?è¾?ï¼????¶é????ä¸?è¿?????èº??ä¹???ï¼???主å??俨æ????è¿þ:???ºç?£æ???·äººç±»ç½ª?¶ä???ï¼??¶å¤§å°??ºä????£ã????ï¼??¡ä??????è¯??½æ???èº??ä¹?????ï¼?ä½?ä»???æµ??²å?ºæ·±?»ç²¾å¾?????????????ï¼?å·²ä?æ­¢æ??¸ªä½??????????????çª??´â??ä¸?å·±ä???????ï¼?è¿??¥â??人类ä¹???????ï¼???¤º?ºæ??ä¸?ç§????²å???ä¸?¸¦???????§ç??????ç»????????½ç»´?¨ã??人é?´å??好ä???究ã??ä¸??ï¼????¥å¤«??æ­£ä?大è?人ï?????以人类ä?????为å?¶ä?å·±ä????????þ9?þ@½¼ä¹???ä½?å®?为人类å?¨ä?ä¹?????????读è??äº?æ­¤å??»å?¶æ?²æ??¼ç?ä¹?声ï???è§???·±ä¹??¿å??äºþ?¸ºä¹???????ä¸??½è??·²???????????¸è?????è¯?æ­?????说广ä¹?????å­þ

????????????å¢?????ä¸?ä»??¨è?è¯?è¯?价中????ï¼????½ç»´???ºæ???¹è?ä¹?ä¸??±è?ä¸????????¨ã??æ­¤å??轩è???ä¸???»ç?è¦??©æ?????´ï???å½¼ç????è§?äº??¶å?????´ä»¥?¶è?¸ä¸­æ½?æ´?ä¹??´ã???²ç?´ä?æ°?ï¼?ä¸?å¯?ä¹?äº??»ã???¶æ???????³å?¶æ??è§?ï¼??¶æ??è§????³å?¶æ??????ä¹????©æ?????´è?????ºä¸ºä¸?ï¼?ä¸?天å?¥å????ä¸??¥æ??以ç?¶ã?????¤ä??»ç???ï¼?äºþB??´ç?´æ?ä¹?å£?¸ºå¤??????»ä????»å???å¿?ä¸?????å¯???ï¼??¶äºº?¼è?????¾ç?°å?¶é?´ã???¨ã??äº??°ç?»åº¼è®°ã??ä¸????讨è?æ²??³ç?°ï?æ²???????½å???°ï??½æ?¼ï?ç­?人书?»ï?è¿?ä¸?æ­¥ç?³è?ä¹þ>?»é¡»????????????æ³?ï¼???å¤???»ä???´µ??ï¼???以å?¶æ??ç»?ä¹??©ä?ï¼?å¿???????以å?äº??©ä¸­???????¶å???è§?ä¹?ï¼???山水äº???竹ç?³è?±è????å¾??????©ä?ï¼????¶å????è§?ä¹?ï¼???å­?ä¹?ä¹?ï¼?仲å???ï¼?????ä¹?ï¼?????ä¹?????è¿?????ºç?©æ???³ç³»ä¸?¸»ä½???????????ä¹????¨ã??å¾??¶è½©ä»¿å?¤é?¨å?°è°±åº???ä¸??ä»????¹è???ä»?ä¹??»è?ºæ??????å¿??·å??å¼±ï????¶ä¸­???µç?¶æ????ï¼?????ä¸?????éª???ä¹???ä¹???å¡?äº???ç¬??´ï??¶å?»è?ºæ????£ã??????????ä¾??¶æ???ºæ???ä¸???没æ??主ä???å¯????????±ï?以为好ç??ç»??»ä???åº?å½?å®??¨æ?¾ç¤º?ºä¸»ä½?????ï¼??????ºç???¹ç??????å¢????¥ã??

?????±æ????¥ï????½ç»´??å¢???说ï?主è????¹æ??¸­?½æ??å­þ@???ºæ????ç»?éª??????ºç????ä»?对è?æ­?ä¸?????主ä?ä¸??????¹å????³æ³¨ï¼??¹å?????????ç¾???????è§?ï¼?使â??å¢?????????ä¹??¨å?大ç?åºþ??????ä¸?ç§?????主ä???????????表ç?°å?????????????äº?æ­¤ï??¨è?论ç???½ç»´??å¢???说â???¶ï??¹å?????ºè?ä¸??????µâ??????è¦??§ã?????½ç»´?½ç?¶æ²¡???´æ?¥è??°â??????ä¼?ç»???ï¼?ä½???设æ?¥ç??ï¼?ä»??³ä???å¢???????????ï¼?为å???¥ç?±ä¸­?½æ??å­þ>??究中ä¸?äº?å­þA????èµ·ç????????ä¼?ç»???论述å¤????¼å???????????°ä¸­?½æ????è¯??¾å??äº?表ç?°â?????¶ç??¥â??ï¼?ä¸??½è?人æ???以â??????ä¼???????ï¼?表ç?°â???¸è?¸ç???大è???¶ç????ç±»ä?éª?ä¹???´¨??ç²¾å????ï¼?并è???æ¼?ç»??ºâ??????ç²¾ç?????æ¦?念ï?é«???工纵论中?½æ??????ç¾??¸â??ï¼?以â????å¢???ï¼?inscapeï¼??¥æ??è¿°æ????º¤????å¢???ï¼?çª??ºâ??å¿?????ï¼?interior landï¼?scapeï¼??¨ä¸­?½å?¤å?¸ç???ç»?éª?ä¸?????ä¹?ï¼??¨æ?¹å??ä¸??½æ???¥ç?????½ç»´????å¢???说â??延伸å¾?ä¸?æ·±å?¥ã?????????é«???å·¥ç???????°ä????½ç»´??????ï¼?ä½????ç§?ä¸?çºþA???????¸ä¼¼ï¼?让æ??ä»??????±å?¨æ????ä¼?ç»???ç»??????°æ???????½ç»´??å¢???说â????è´¡ç????

????????å¢???说â???¾ç½®äº???æ¸?æ°???????å­þ@?ºå??ä¸??»è?å¯?ï¼?ä¸??¾å???°ï?å®?è·?ç¨???é»??µå???æ¢????ç­?人æ???ºç????è¯????©å?½â???³å?????¾ä?????é»???æ¢?ç­?强è???以æ?§é??¼å???°æ??å¢???ï¼????¼ç?¹è????æ­?å¦?ä½??¨å?¨ç¤¾ä¼??©æ?°ï??????½ç»´???????´æ???¨ä¸­?½ä?ç»?????å­þB??产é??寻æ?¾æ??????è¯?ï¼????°æ?æ´»å?¶å?¨å?ä¸???ç²¾ç???ä¹?ï¼?以å???????????西æ?¹ç?å­þ@??ä¼?ç»?è¯?论ã?????þ???¹é?????å¢???说â??ä¹?è·?å½¼æ?¶å?å§?è·¨è???ä¼??¥ä¸­?½ç??西æ?¹å??å®?主ä?è¯?è¯?¤§?¸å?åº???ä¸???主è?????ï¼?ä¸???客è?对象ï¼?ä¸???å¿??µæ???ï¼??¤ä??????ä¸???????????ï¼?ç«?足å?ä¸?ï¼?ä¸???????å®?é¡¿ï?ä¸???社ä??¹é???????½ç»´??????å¢?????ï¼???对å?äº?ä¸?????????å®?主ä?ä¸?ç½??è¾?ï¼?表æ??ä»?ä¸??½å???äº?绵延?¨ä¸­?½æ??å­þ?¸­??????ä¼?ç»????þ>?äº?ä»?å¿?ä¸????????纲解纽ç???¶ä»£ï¼?????主ä?åº?该ä??»ä?ä»?ï¼???æ­¤å??ä¿?平伯???°ã??人é?´è?è¯???ï¼???请è?????å®?æ·±å???©å?³â??ï¼??±å??æ½???å¾?????ç©???å¢???ï¼?å¼??¥é?è¿??¹å?¤ï?å®??½å???¨æ??乱中??论ã??ä¸?说æ?°è???ä¸???人ä?ç¾???ï¼?1940ï¼?ï¼?è°???ä¸??½è?ºæ????å¢?ä¹?è¯?????ï¼?1943ï¼???????????å¢??????¨ç?°ä»£ä¸??½ç????????äº?论ï?ä¹??????½ç»´?³å???????ä¸??????°ã??ï¼?å¼??¥ç?°ï?

????ï¼?ä½???为å??ä¸?å¸???大å?ä¸???ç³»å??????ï¼?